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Blood Borne Viruses (BBVs) are viruses that may be carried by some people's blood and which may cause severe disease in certain people and few or no symptoms in others. Some of the main BBVs are: Hepatitis B, C and D viruses which cause the liver disease hepatitis. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which causes AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency ...
15 de oct. de 2022 · The BBV approach of using this method is not only incorrect in the light of the humongous evidence against it, but is also disingenuous in the absence of any reference to any of these studies. The selective use of evidence by BBV is also evident in the case of their second claim regarding the imputation of in-kind transfers, primarily through the Public Distribution System (PDS).
10 de oct. de 2022 · However, BBV also provide poverty estimates allowing for food transfers through the public distribution system, and use the Modified Mixed Recall Period (MMRP) measure instead of the URP. MMRP allows different recall periods for different consumption goods, including perishable consumption goods such as fruits and vegetables based on a seven-day recall period.
13 de oct. de 2022 · Extreme poverty in India is yet to be eliminated: A comment on BBV. In the fourth post of a six-part series on the estimation of poverty in India, Sinha Roy and van der Weide reflect on the dramatically different estimates produced by two studies, and the source of th...
The novel and interesting claim in the BBV paper is that previous estimates have overestimated poverty because they rely only on survey measures of actual expenditure on food items, implicitly omitting the government subsidy embodied in India's massive Public Distribution System (PDS). 2 Using administrative data on PDS and various assumptions ...
10 de oct. de 2022 · The correct definition and measurement, in survey data for the consumer expenditure years of 2009-10 and 2011-12, leads to an estimate of poverty that is 10 percentage points less than the measure used by the World Bank! Further, an innovative departure in our paper is to incorporate in-kind food transfers in consumption expenditure and poverty.
Thus, BBV effectively assume distribution-neutral growth since 2011-12 at a rate given by the NA growth in private consumption per person. 2 BBV defend their first assumption by arguing that “survey capture [the ratio of survey-to-NA consumption] in India has “normalized” to around 50% in 2004-5, 2007-8 (a small-sample NSS survey), 2009 ...
Varying estimates of poverty have often resulted in some deprived communities being excluded from government welfare schemes. Sabarwal and Chowdhry look at the case of Satat Jeevikoparjan Yojana in Bihar, which uses the mechanisms recommended by BRAC’s Graduation Approach and harnesses community knowledge to identify those living in extreme poverty and ensure that they receive access to ...
Sharps injuries in the healthcare setting may result in the transmission of blood borne viruses (BBVs) such as hepatitis B (HBV) hepatitis C (HCV) or Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV). Healthcare workers may acquire a BBV if exposed to infected blood or body fluids. This could be via the mucous membranes (eyes, mouth and nose), through broken ...
Attempts have been made to estimate poverty in India with biased survey data, by adjusting household weights to remove the bias. Based on simulation exercises with artificially contaminated household surveys, Drèze and Somanchi illustrate the limitations of this method. Its ability to correct poverty estimates varies wildly, depending on the nature of the underlying bias, which may be hard to ...
